Here's an article at the Washington Post I'll gift link:
5-minute breathing exercises can improve your mood and reduce anxiety
Cyclic sighing appears to be particularly effective among different breathing exercises and better than mindfulness meditation, a study says
Yes, this is not a topic I have followed closely, but my impression is that breathing exercises, as a way of helping address blood pressure, anxiety, etc have been pretty well studied, and shown to be pretty effective.
This latest article suggests they help mood generally, which is perhaps a little surprising?:
A study in Cell Reports Medicine showed that just five minutes of breathwork each day for about a month could improve mood and reduce anxiety — and these benefits may be larger than from mindfulness meditation for the same amount of time.
“We’re always busy doing instead of being,” said David Spiegel, an author of the study. “And it’s a good idea to just take a few minutes to collect yourself, commune with your body and help it prepare to deal with whatever you want to deal with.”
In a randomized controlled study of 108 adults, the researchers compared three different breathwork exercises, in which participants deliberately guided their breathing in various ways, and mindfulness meditation, in which people observed their breathing but didn’t try to control it. The participants did the breathwork at home, following video instructions.
One group of participants was told to practice cyclic sighing. Participants were instructed to slowly inhale through the nose to expand the lungs, and inhale again to maximally fill the lungs. Then they were asked to slowly and fully exhale the breath through the mouth.
A second group focused on box breathing, which is spending the same amount of time slowly inhaling, holding the breath, exhaling and holding, before repeating the sequence.
A third group practiced cyclic hyperventilation, which “emphasizes inhalation rather than exhalation. It’s kind of the mirror image of the cyclic sighing exercise,” said Spiegel, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, and director of the Center on Stress and Health at Stanford University.
They took one deep inhalation through the nose, exhaled passively and then let the air “fall out from the mouth,” he said. Every 30 cycles, they would hold the breath after passive exhalation for 15 seconds....
The positive effects of breathwork took time to kick in: The more days the participants spent doing their breathing exercises, the better they felt each successive day.
Cyclic sighing appeared to be particularly effective among the different breathing exercises. Participants in this group reported even greater positive mood improvements compared with participants who practiced mindfulness meditation.
Now, John: don't come here and ruin it for me with some criticism or other...:)
I had a suspicion this would be involved.
ReplyDeleteWhat are possible mechanisms through which voluntary breathing can influence physiology and mood differently than mindfulness meditation? One way is through modulating vagal function.
I've read about this before but couldn't find the original article I read.
Breathing rhythms have been shown to directly modulate behavioral and physiological arousal in mice through the activity of the locus coeruleus, where experimentally induced slow breathing patterns have been associated with calm behaviors.14
Thanks Steve, interesting study.
The locus coeruleus effect might be mediated by carbon dioxide levels. Even a 5% increase in CO2 levels was shown to increase the LC output of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter\hormone that activates us. In those with panic disorder a 5% increase in CO2 created more pronounced pathology. At high levels it can induce anxiety and panic attacks, low levels are associated with depression. A type of antidepressants, SNRIs, increase norepinephrine levels. That is related to a key feature of depression, psychomotor retardation, which is apathy. Hence depression involves people not doing the everyday things they should do.
ReplyDeleteI suspect the CO2 issue is more important than the vagus nerve activity. Yoga emphasizes diaphragmatic breathing, which helps empty the lower lungs.
BTW, I'm not the only person who was suspicious about that study regarding depression and exercise ....
https://neurosciencenews.com/rebuttal-exercise-mental-health-14266/