Friday, November 04, 2022

Some Friday science trivia - I just bought an ancient condiment

I like using Himalayan rock salt in cooking and on my food - it's pink, and makes me think about how incredible it is that I'm using something mined out of a hill in Pakistan that is incredibly ancient.   

You think oil drilled from far underground is old?  Well it is, but here's the specifics:

The formation of oil takes a significant amount of time with oil beginning to form millions of years ago. 70% of oil deposits existing today were formed in the Mesozoic age (252 to 66 million years ago), 20% were formed in the Cenozoic age (65 million years ago), and only 10% were formed in the Paleozoic age (541 to 252 million years ago). This is likely because the Mesozoic age was marked by a tropical climate, with large amounts of plankton in the ocean.

Himilayan rock salt, on the other hand:

Himalayan salt is mined from the Salt Range mountains,[1] the southern edge of a fold-and-thrust belt that underlies the Pothohar Plateau south of the Himalayas in Pakistan. Himalayan salt comes from a thick layer of Ediacaran to early Cambrian evaporites of the Salt Range Formation. This geological formation consists of crystalline halite intercalated with potash salts, overlain by gypsiferous marl and interlayered with beds of gypsum and dolomite with infrequent seams of oil shale that accumulated between 600 and 540 million years ago. 
I had to check, of course, but Ediacaran period starts at 635 million years ago and ends at the (oddly specific) time of 538.8 million years ago (according to Wiki).   For more context, at that time, there weren't even land plants in existence:

We have land plants to thank for the oxygen we breathe. And now we have a better idea of when they took to land in the first place. While the oldest known fossils of land plants are 420 million years old, researchers have now determined that pond scum first made landfall almost 100 million years earlier.

"[This] study has important global implications, because we know early plants cooled the climate and increased the oxygen level in the Earth's atmosphere," conditions that supported the expansion of terrestrial animal life, says Tim Lenton, an earth system scientist at the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom who was not involved with the work.

There were squishy things in the ocean, and that was about it.  (Backbones didn't turn up until about 500 million years ago.)

So yeah, the salt I'll be cooking with is older than most oil, and probably pre-dates even plants!

(Although, for some reason, some salt company sites refer to Himilayan salt as being "more than 250 million years old" and one says only 200 million years.  But I trust Wikipedia, and NPR, more than them and think the 600 million year figure is more correct.)

I intend to impress my family with this news over dinner this weekend.   (It's the sort of thing I loved telling kids when they were school age, but I  like to inflict science stuff on anyone of any age.)

4 comments:

Anonymous said...

That screed about oil is nonsense by the way.

Steve said...

I presume that's you, Graeme. I knew you would dispute that bit...

Anonymous said...

Yes fusion is easy and there is no real dividing line between fusion and chemistry. My model of the planet makes this constant buildup in hydrocarbons very easy to understand.

No oil well has ever run dry. There is always at least one nodding donkey left. It’s very wasteful not to allow the pressure to build up. We are using way too much oil but not enough gas. Since unused gas will make it to the surface sooner or later.

Most coal is probably just former oil wells where the volatiles have escaped. So it can be very old but some some oil and lots of gas are juvenile products.

Anonymous said...

I think the Himilayas are much younger. But I can’t give you much detail here. For one thing my computer has gone bad